探讨“烟塔合一”技术在环评中大气环境的防护距离

归纳"烟塔合一"项目评估的共性要求,在分析德国模式不能充分反映特定条件下对近距离保护目标影响的基础上,阐明了环境防护距离设置的必要性,并就目前所采取环境防护距离计算方法及部分项目风洞试验结果进行解析,提出相关建议。     

HP-5毛细管柱气相色谱法分离水中滴滴涕色谱条件研究

本试验利用HP-5毛细管柱,气相色谱法对水中滴滴涕几种衍生体的分离条件进行了研究和优化,找到了最佳仪器条件,为水中滴滴涕的检测提供了一定的试验参考。     

Self-ignition tendency of solid fuels: A gas emissions approach for early detection

Self-ignition of solid fuels storage is one of the main causes of human and economic losses. Additionally, each fire caused by this phenomenon emits an amount of toxic gases that contributes on the development of climate change. Nowadays, several methodologies are used in order to detect the self-ignition tendency of solid fuels, but they have as main disadvantages the amount of money and time that they require. The aim of this study is to propose a methodology of detection of incipient self-ignition of solid fuels through the measurement of gas emissions. This study compares existing methodologies to detect self-ignition tendency, such as TG, DSC or susceptibility, and to combustion related gas emission results. Different methods have been used to evaluate the results from the gas emission test, showing that interval and inflexion methods provide early detection of the self-heating process. With this methodology, it is possible to determine this process in advance with the equipment currently available in every industrial facility, reducing costs and improving efficiency.     

沈阳市大气PM_(10)中水溶性无机阴离子的分布特征研究

2014年7月和12月分别对沈阳市大气污染物PM_(10)(可吸入颗粒物)进行采样分析,采样期内PM_(10)浓度全部超过国家一级标准,最大值超出国家二级标准3.3倍。用离子色谱法分析了PM_(10)中的水溶性无机阴离子,结果表明:4种阴离子浓度之和的变化总趋势为7月12月;各离子浓度的关系为SO_4~(2-)NO_3~-Cl~-F~-,4种离子浓度均为冬季高于夏季;对PM_(10)及4种阴离子进行相关性分析,得出NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)浓度与PM_(10)浓度呈显著正相关,是PM_(10)的重要组分,并通过NO_3~-与SO_4~(2-)的质量比得出沈阳市大气污染物中水溶性组分主要来自于固定排放源。     

气田开发过程中地下水环境保护方案初探

区域地下水环境的保护是气田开发过程中环境保护工作的重点之一。通过现场调查和统计分析得知,外部污染源是影响当地地下水环境的主要因素,农田径流污染源是外部的主要污染源,以COD_Cr计其排放量分别约占外部污染源排放总量的67%,而钻井液漏失、天然气窜层、钻井废水排放等钻井作业是内部的主要污染源,其COD_Cr排放量约占内部污染源COD_Cr排放总量的62%,因而钻井作业的污染防治应是项目内部地下水污染防治工作的重点。根据地下水环境质量现状分析及变化趋势分析可知由于气田的开发建设,气田区地下水水质已受到一定程度的影响,特征污染物表现为COD_Cr、氨氮、氯化物、硝酸盐氮。为保护气田区地下水环境,分施工期和运营期两阶段设计了地下水环境保护方案,采取源头控制的清洁生产,至末端控制的污染治理并提出了突发污染事故应急预案,为气田的可持续开发提供指导。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定水质中的丙酮和丁酮

本文建立顶空-气相色谱法测定水和废水中的丙酮和丁酮的方法,水样测定结果的相对偏差小于5.0%,加标回收率在91%～103%之间,最低检出浓度0.006 mg.L-1。该方法简便,灵敏度更高,重现性好,线性范围宽,精密度和准确度满意,尤其是避免了消耗大量有机试剂,避免二次污染。旨在为实验分析人员提供技术参考依据。     

实用环境监测气体采集器设计与应用

手持式电动气体采集器解决了传统双联球气体采集时繁琐、计量不准等诸多问题,为快速、准确地获得监测数据提供保障。     

Optimization of the O3/H2O2 process with response surface methodology for pretreatment of mother liquor of gas field wastewater

• Real ML-GFW with high salinity and high organics was degraded by O₃/H₂O₂ process. • Successful optimization of operation conditions was attained using RSM based on CCD. • Single-factor experiments in advance ensured optimal experimental conditions. • The satisfactory removal efficiency of TOC was achieved in spite of high salinity. • The initial pH plays the most significant role in the degradation of ML-GFW. The present study reports the use of the O₃/H₂O₂ process in the pretreatment of the mother liquor of gas field wastewater (ML-GFW), obtained from the multi-effect distillation treatment of the gas field wastewater. The range of optimal operation conditions was obtained by single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was used for the optimization procedure. A regression model with Total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency as the response value was established (R² = 0.9865). The three key factors were arranged according to their significance as: pH>H₂O₂ dosage>ozone flow rate. The model predicted that the best operation conditions could be obtained at a pH of 10.9, an ozone flow rate of 0.8 L/min, and H₂O₂ dosage of 6.2 mL. The dosing ratio of ozone was calculated to be 9.84 mg O₃/mg TOC. The maximum removal efficiency predicted was 75.9%, while the measured value was 72.3%. The relative deviation was found to be in an acceptable range. The ozone utilization and free radical quenching experiments showed that the addition of H₂O₂ promoted the decomposition of ozone to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH). This also improved the ozone utilization efficiency. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that most of the organic matters in ML-GFW were degraded, while some residuals needed further treatment. This study provided the data and the necessary technical supports for further research on the treatment of ML-GFW.     

Evaluation of the technoeconomic feasibility of electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production for decentralized water treatment

• Gas diffusion electrode (GDE) is a suitable setup for practical water treatment. • Electrochemical H₂O₂ production is an economically competitive technology. • High current efficiency of H₂O₂ production was obtained with GDE at 5–400 mA/cm². • GDE maintained high stability for H₂O₂ production for ~1000 h. • Electro-generation of H₂O₂ enhances ibuprofen removal in an E-peroxone process. This study evaluated the feasibility of electrochemical hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production with gas diffusion electrode (GDE) for decentralized water treatment. Carbon black-polytetrafluoroethylene GDEs were prepared and tested in a continuous flow electrochemical cell for H₂O₂ production from oxygen reduction. Results showed that because of the effective oxygen transfer in GDEs, the electrode maintained high apparent current efficiencies (ACEs,>80%) for H₂O₂ production over a wide current density range of 5–400 mA/cm², and H₂O₂ production rates as high as ~202 mg/h/cm² could be obtained. Long-term stability test showed that the GDE maintained high ACEs (>85%) and low energy consumption (<10 kWh/kg H₂O₂) for H₂O₂ production for 42 d (~1000 h). However, the ACEs then decreased to ~70% in the following 4 days because water flooding of GDE pores considerably impeded oxygen transport at the late stage of the trial. Based on an electrode lifetime of 46 days, the overall cost for H₂O₂ production was estimated to be ~0.88 $/kg H₂O₂, including an electricity cost of 0.61 $/kg and an electrode capital cost of 0.27 $/kg. With a 9 cm² GDE and 40 mA/cm² current density, ~2–4 mg/L of H₂O₂ could be produced on site for the electro-peroxone treatment of a 1.2 m³/d groundwater flow, which considerably enhanced ibuprofen abatement compared with ozonation alone (~43%–59% vs. 7%). These findings suggest that electrochemical H₂O₂ production with GDEs holds great promise for the development of compact treatment technologies for decentralized water treatment at a household and community level.     

一起钢质无缝气瓶爆炸事故技术分析

文章简要描述了一起消防气体灭火钢质气瓶爆炸事故,对爆炸气瓶进行了断口分析、金相试验和理化试验,并分析了事故的原因,提醒制造厂家规范制造工艺,对预防类似事故的发生具有一定的参考意义。